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Glaucoma
Factors Causing Glaucoma Disease
Age: The risk of developing this disease increases, especially in individuals aged 60 and above. For certain specific types, the risk may also increase at younger ages.
Race: Some races are at higher risk. For example, individuals of African descent and Mexican Hispanic individuals have a higher risk of open-angle glaucoma.
Family History: The prevalence of this eye disorder is higher in individuals with a family history of the disease. This indicates that genetic factors may play a significant role in the development of the condition.
Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure can increase the likelihood of glaucoma damage. Additionally, previous injuries or surgeries that can interfere with the proper drainage of fluid within the eye can also increase the risk.
High Intraocular Pressure: Elevated intraocular pressure is one of the most significant risk factors for glaucoma damage. This generally occurs when there is a disruption in the cycle of fluid production and drainage in the front part of the eye, known as the aqueous humor.
Thin Central Corneal Thickness: Thin corneas may increase the likelihood of optic nerve damage even at normal pressure levels.
Myopia (Nearsightedness): Individuals with myopia (difficulty seeing distant objects) are at a higher risk of developing this disease.
Medication Use: Certain medications, particularly those used for other conditions, may increase the risk of experiencing problems with glaucoma, especially with long-term use.
Glaucoma often does not present clear symptoms and can lead to vision loss. Therefore, it is particularly important for individuals with any of the above risk factors to undergo regular eye examinations.
Treatment Methods of Glaucoma Disease
The treatment methods for glaucoma aim to reduce intraocular pressure through various approaches. Treatment is determined based on the type of the disease, its progression, and the patient’s overall health condition. Here are commonly used treatment options:
Eye Drops: Eye drops are the initial treatment option. They can work in various ways to lower pressure. Some decrease fluid production, while others increase drainage. They need to be used several times a day and require regular use to keep the pressure under control.
Oral Medications: If eye drops are insufficient, doctors may prescribe oral medications (often referred to as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) to help lower pressure.
Laser Treatment: Laser therapy can be used to improve fluid outflow. One type of laser procedure called trabeculoplasty widens and opens the drainage channel to lower pressure. Another operation called iridotomy creates a small hole in the iris to enhance fluid drainage.
Surgical Intervention: If medications and laser surgery are not enough, surgical intervention may be necessary. Various types of operations can be performed to improve drainage. In a procedure called trabeculectomy, an opening is created in the drainage channel. If uncontrolled, a drainage device can be implanted.
Minimally Invasive Surgery: Known for being less invasive and carrying a lower risk of complications, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) can utilize various techniques. It may involve creating a microscopic canal or inserting a small device that enhances fluid outflow.
These treatment options are determined based on the patient’s condition, the type of glaucoma, the rate of disease progression, and the patient’s overall health. What works for one person may not work for another. Therefore, options are personalized according to the specific needs of the patient. Glaucoma management is long-term and requires regular check-ups and compliance. It is important for patients to understand their treatment plans and adhere to them.
